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1994-02-11
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U.S. ARMY BEING PREPARED TO MERGE INTO U.N. "NEW WORLD ARMY"
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12/15/1993
The Washington Times
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Army Manual says GIs will follow U.N. orders
By Bill Gertz
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U.S. forces will serve under United Nations command in peace-
keeping operations by the world body, a U.S. Army field manual
now under preparation says.
Except for allied command in World War II and the NATO alliance,
U.S. combat forces have never been placed under foreign command.
This may raise constitutional questions, since the Constitution makes
the president the commander in chief of all U.S. military forces.
The Army manual on peace operations, now in its fifth draft, says that
commanders of U.N. military operations will report to a special U.N.
representative in the country, or to the secretary-general of the
United Nations.
"The force commander will normally exercise operational control over
all assigned units, including U.S. units," the manual says. "The
commander has full command authority over operational and logistics
matters with the exception of purely national administrative matters."
A primary author of the manual, Col. Jack Clarke of the U.S Army's
Training and Doctrine Command at Fort Monroe, Va., said the manual
recognizes the prospect thatt commanders of U.N. "peacekeeping
operations" may not be U.S. military officers.
"This is a reality we must deal with," he said in a telephone inter-
view. "Our doctrine is not making policy statement. We have done
this kind of thing in the past, we may do it in the future, and we're
obligated to tell commanders how the U.N. functions."
As examples of the different types of peace operations, the manual
lists military support for diplomacy in Cambodia, preventive deploy-
ments in Macedonia, protection for humanitarian aid in Somalia and
enforcing sanctions in Iraq.
In Somalia, U.N. control of the operation prompted a change of mission
from humanitarian support to taking sides in a civil war when U.S. forces
were assigned to hunt Somali warlord Mohammed Farrah Aidid.
President Clinton, in dispatching additional troops to Somalia after the
Oct. 3 battle in which 18 U.S. soldiers were killed, criticized the U.N.
command and said the additional U.S. combat forces would be led by U.S.
commanders.
Knowledge of the contents of the manual is raising criticism in Congress
from those opposed to giving operational command of U.S. combat forces to
the world body.
Sen. Don Nickles, Oklahoma Republican and chairman of the Republican
Policy Committee, said yesterday the manual is evidence the Clinton
Administration intends to press forward with its disputed policy of
expanding U.S. military participation in U.N. operations.
"That's scary," Mr. Nickles said. He said that the Constitution makes
the president commander in chief and that his authority over U.S. forces
cannot be delegated to the world organization.
Mr. Nickle led a Senate effort in October to amend the defense appro-
priations bill to require congressional approval before U.S. combat troops
are placed under U.N. command.
Under intense lobbying by the administration, the amendment failed,
but a nonbinding resolution approved in its place said the president
should consult Congress before placing U.S. troops under foreign commanders
other than NATO leaders.
The resolution said the United Nations "is not now capable of adequately
managing" U.S. combat forces.
Army Gen, John M. Shlikashvili, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,
said yesterday that U.S. forces will take part in foreign-led U.N.
millitary activities when "robust" command is guaranteed and rules of
engagement for U.S. forces are sound.
"Certainly for operations under United Nations, there should be some
very strict conditions in addition to those we would for operations" led
by U.S. or NATO officers, Gen, Shalikashvili told reporters.
Joining U.N. operations will be done on a case-by-case basis. Under
certain conditions, U.S. forces will participate, but in other cases "I
would, obviuosly, have to say no."
Mr. Nickles said the Clinton administration's draft policy on U.S.
participation in peace operations, contained in a document known as PRD-13,
calls for expanding the U.S. commitment to the world organization and is
"fraught with dangers."
"It looks to me that with this Army manual they are preparing to go
ahead with that," he said.
The 244-page manual, labeled FM 100-23 "Peace Operations," outlines
military doctrine for U.S. forces engaged in "operations short of war."
It should be completed by February, according to military officials.
In U.N. operations, the chain of command runs from the unit commander
to the force commander "to the head of mission, if not the force com-
mander, [and] to the secretary general, who will report to the Security
Council," the manual says.
The manual says that peace operations include a spectrum of activities
ranging from "peace enforcement, described as a "form of combat," to
"peacekeeping," or non-combat military operations aimed at settling
disputes.
Besides participating in U.N. operations, U.S. forces could take part
in operations with the Organization of African Unity, the Organization
of American States, and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in
Europe.
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